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Reading has a unique charm, from which people can receive enjoyment and deep thoughts. A good article will always touch the fragilest and the most exquisite sentiment line of people. It can rise the resonance, speak out what people are thinking of, express the emotion in the mind, and inspire people to understand more things. The power of literature lies in the force of the writer. By using language as the tool, the writer creates the effect to people. The work of a science writer is to explain the facts and events which have relatively certain theories to the public. There is an open secret that the public relations of scientists are a problem. The general and popular idea of scientists is that they are cold and competent while they are not warm and trustworthy, which influences the credibility of the scientist (Burke). A further issue bought by this problem for scientists is that the scientific project is not to develop smoothly, especially when there is a tight connection between effective communication with the audience and funding, research impact, as well as science literacy (Burke). The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 provides a series of scientific authoritative essays which are memorable, and trusted. Articles in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 refer to worlds of imagination, in where 26 scientists and science writers offer enticing essays spanning mutliple disciplines and topics. As people usually have a rejected attitude to scientific writing and then miss the excellent works as a result, I tend to illustrate the uniqueness of reading this kind of literature so that people could find the interest in reading the scientific articles. The general method for the writer to affect people is based on the unique communicative manner.
The primary means for a writer to affect the reader concentrates on the choice of the issue. According to Wilbur Schramm, the common range inside the empirical scope between the information source and the information receiver is the actual part of spread (Mishra). That is, only the information in the empirical range is the intelligible effective information, and the effectiveness of the communication would be at a big discount. By spreading content with emphasizes on science in the empirical world, the words of the writer can be understood by the public and be transmitted effectively. The spread of science information ought to consider the cognitive domains of the receiver. The article should make the readers have interest to reed further. The target of the writer is to make science a usual but not difficult or serious thing so as to increase the popularity of science in the daily life. As a result, the writer should choose comprehensive words and sentences. Writers in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 focus on the information on the empirical community of the public, and the scientific subjects they chose are also in the cognitive domain. The issues chose by writers refer to the daily life in order to rise the interest of viewers to go on the reading, such as the anesthetic in “Awakening” by Joshua Lang, the antibiotics in “Imagining the Post-Antibiotic Future” by Maryn McKenna, as well as orange in “A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA” by Amy Harmon. People in the modern society pay great attentions to the health of body and mentality. Any people who have bit of living experience or information of medicine would be familiar with the anesthetic and the antibiotics. Compared with these two medical items, orange is more usual that this fruit can be seen almost everywhere. Writers of these articles then stretch the topics around these items. Lang talks about the phenomenon of anesthetic awareness, McKenna discusses the abuse of antibiotic, and Harmon refers to the disease of citrus greening. The plots develop deeper and further. Lang mentions the influence of anesthetic awareness that the victims of anesthetic awareness usually suffer a serious mental torment. McKenn talks about the fact that there are many fields apply antibiotic, including not only the medical science but also the agriculture. As to Harmon, he describes the process of researching the solution. These topics give the public a sense that science exists in each corner of life. The writers explain these issues gradually to make readers understand the scientific principles and rules through the simple daily items. Besides, disputable issues are also a way to appeal to the public, such as the right of a person to end his life in “A Life-or-Death Situation” by Robin Marantz Heni. This essay presents the contrast between the academic belief and the real situation of Peggy. Both her and her husband Brooke Hopkins believed that to die when painful medical treatment is the only way to live. However, when the occasion happens to Hopkins, their decision varies. At the same time, when the writer publishes the scientific discovery of the item, they tend to put the discovery in the empirical world so as to restore the working environment of the scientific community and avoid the mystification of the discovery. For example, anesthetic awareness is a medical phenomenon and it is not easy to make readers be aware of the mechanism. But Lang uses live cases and words to offer the related information, such as the cause of the awareness, the response to this topic, as well as the difficulties and obstacles in solving the problem. 英国论文代写
The language in the scientific articles also acts as the medium for writers to create the effect. To achieve the desired effect, writer also pays attention to the manner to deliver the scientific knowledge. The technique which lacks the feature of communication will hinder the spread of the scientific truth. The category of science develops more delicately, and the professional degree becomes higher. Thus, even the professor in a particular subject would feel confused about the transdisciplinary knowledge, not mention to the public who is short of scientific knowledge. The characteristic of science that it is a hard-learning subject determines the difficulty of the communicating discourse. Facing with the technical terms and complex scientific principles, the writers in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 find an approach to explain them, and story is the major manner, through which audiences will produce resonance with the writer in the process of reading. Therefore, people are likely to understand the scientific principles easily with the gradual development of the plots. It is difficult to image that the article with the beginning in the manner of story would be an essay about science. To be specific, the beginning of “A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA” is the phone from the manager of the citrus farm when Ricke Kress is driving (Lang 38). This design attracts the curiosity of readers to think about the specific content of the phone and what will happen in the coming plots. They will not notice the fact that it is an article about science until the appearance of explanation of the professional knowledge. The general line of the story includes the happening of the disease of citrus greening, the solution, the discussion of the possibility of altering the DNA, and the exception of the solution. Harmon gathers and blends the scientific information as a story with the background of a citrus farm in Florida, and the project of altering DNA stems from the disease that sours the citruses and makes them half green. Both “Awakening” and “Imagining the Post-Antibiotic Future” utilize the same manner. “Awakening” describes the life of Linda Campbell and the experience of her since her appendectomy at the beginning (167). When it comes to “Imagining the Post-Antibiotic Future”, the beginning is about the experience of the author that she was looking for the fragment of her family history and noticed something disturbing (188). The same design also appears in other articles of The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014, such as the description of Peggy’s pass of the bicycle accident in “A Life-or-Death Situation”, which in fact is the choice to live or die when the person loses the self-care ability (53). The simple language is also an attractive point of the writer. Prose could be the properest form to define the articles in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014. Dialogues appear in the articles now and then, making them an easy essay to read. The writers try to avoid make their writing a serious type which may cause burden for readers. This technique adjusts the atmosphere of reading from the well-cognitive serious and dull style to a relaxing and eased state.加拿大论文代写
Besides the masterly choice of appealed content and discourse, the rigorous arrangement of structure and the information of characters also attract the eyesight of readers. In addition to the attractive design of beginning which asks readers to read deep, each paragraph and subsection in the text throws out a n interesting new idea for a scanning reader with a topic sentence. The short paragraph provides the opportunity for readers to know the idea in detail as the limited words will help them to digest the separated contents, and the transition between paragraphs link the contents well. Another shining point of the design of the writers is the identity of the characters in the text that the authors have interaction with the characters in the text. Each article in has the participant of real person. Each author of the 26 articles in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 tells the scientific phenomenon by telling the live story of real person. By illustrating the problem through telling the story about real people, people are able to understand that the problem addressed in the article affects real people. Besides, the usage of the first-person makes readers feel that there are some connections with the writer so that they have the interest to read further. It also lets readers feel that they are on the personal side of research. They notice what scientists find compelling, observe what drives them, witness what obstacles the researches had to overcome, and sense the excitement they felt at the time of discovery. Specifically, the participants in “Awakening” is Lind and other victims of anesthetic awareness who express their feeling, the researcher of BIS monitor who admits the disadvantage of the machine, and Tononi who has the interaction with Lang, the author. In “A Life-or-Death Situation”, Henig records the entanglement of Peggy and Hopkins of the choice of life or death of Hopkins, and Henig is the interviewer who asks about the process of their decision. Be different from the others, McKenna is the first character in her article “Imagining the Post-Antibiotics Future”, and the story spreads around her and her family members. Harmon doesn’t use the first-person and he acts as the observer of the story who witnesses the entire development. As a whole, the usage of interaction between characters and the first-person enhances the readability of the articles, and viewers are able to understand the role of each character as well as the plots.
To sum up, a writer depends on the proper choice of content, effective communicative discourse, and reasonable arrangement of structure and the design of characters. The issue of the article should not beyond the cognitive scope of the public, as the aim for a scientific article is to spread the information of science to people who don’t have sufficient knowledge of science. As a result, the issue ought to be popular in the daily life. Besides, the manner to explain the scientific discovery by the writer is supposed to put in the empirical range of the public, so that people will find that science exists in the daily life everywhere. The communicating discourse helps readers to understand the content easily, and story is the major approach. The professional knowledge and the complex scientific principles will be easy to comprehend. Another effective approach is the structure and the identity of participants. By using an attractive beginning, the plots are arranged technically. What’s more, the usage of first-person and the interaction of the characters make the articles be understood breezily.
Works Cited
Burke, Katie L.. “12 Tips for Scientists Writing for the General Public.” American Scientist,
June 31, 2015.
public. Accessed 22 May, 2017.
Harmon, Amy. “A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA.” edited by Deborah Blum
and Tim Folger. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, pp. 38-52.
Henig, Robin Marantz. “A Life-or-Death Situation.” edited by Deborah Blum and Tim
Folger. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, pp.53-71.
Lang, Joshua. “Awakening.” The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014, edited by
Deborah Blum and Tim Folger. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, pp. 167-187.
McKenna, Maryn. “Imagining the Post-Antibiotics Future.” The Best American Science and
Nature Writing 2014, edited by Deborah Blum and Tim Folger. Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt, 2014, pp. 188-207.
Mishra,Sneha. “Schramm's Model of Communication.” Businesstopia, n.d.
Accessed 22 May, 2017.r issue bought by this problem for scientists is that the scientific project is not to develop smoothly, especially when there is a tight connection between effective communication with the audience and funding, research impact, as well as science literacy (Burke). The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 provides a series of scientific authoritative essays which are memorable, and trusted. Articles in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 refer to worlds of imagination, in where 26 scientists and science writers offer enticing essays spanning mutliple disciplines and topics. As people usually have a rejected attitude to scientific writing and then miss the excellent works as a result, I tend to illustrate the uniqueness of reading this kind of literature so that people could find the interest in reading the scientific articles. The general method for the writer to affect people is based on the unique communicative manner.
The primary means for a writer to affect the reader concentrates on the choice of the issue. According to Wilbur Schramm, the common range inside the empirical scope between the information source and the information receiver is the actual part of spread (Mishra). That is, only the information in the empirical range is the intelligible effective information, and the effectiveness of the communication would be at a big discount. By spreading content with emphasizes on science in the empirical world, the words of the writer can be understood by the public and be transmitted effectively. The spread of science information ought to consider the cognitive domains of the receiver. The article should make the readers have interest to reed further. The target of the writer is to make science a usual but not difficult or serious thing so as to increase the popularity of science in the daily life. As a result, the writer should choose comprehensive words and sentences. Writers in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 focus on the information on the empirical community of the public, and the scientific subjects they chose are also in the cognitive domain. The issues chose by writers refer to the daily life in order to rise the interest of viewers to go on the reading, such as the anesthetic in “Awakening” by Joshua Lang, the antibiotics in “Imagining the Post-Antibiotic Future” by Maryn McKenna, as well as orange in “A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA” by Amy Harmon. People in the modern society pay great attentions to the health of body and mentality. Any people who have bit of living experience or information of medicine would be familiar with the anesthetic and the antibiotics. Compared with these two medical items, orange is more usual that this fruit can be seen almost everywhere. Writers of these articles then stretch the topics around these items. Lang talks about the phenomenon of anesthetic awareness, McKenna discusses the abuse of antibiotic, and Harmon refers to the disease of citrus greening. The plots develop deeper and further. Lang mentions the influence of anesthetic awareness that the victims of anesthetic awareness usually suffer a serious mental torment. McKenn talks about the fact that there are many fields apply antibiotic, including not only the medical science but also the agriculture. As to Harmon, he describes the process of researching the solution. These topics give the public a sense that science exists in each corner of life. The writers explain these issues gradually to make readers understand the scientific principles and rules through the simple daily items. Besides, disputable issues are also a way to appeal to the public, such as the right of a person to end his life in “A Life-or-Death Situation” by Robin Marantz Heni. This essay presents the contrast between the academic belief and the real situation of Peggy. Both her and her husband Brooke Hopkins believed that to die when painful medical treatment is the only way to live. However, when the occasion happens to Hopkins, their decision varies. At the same time, when the writer publishes the scientific discovery of the item, they tend to put the discovery in the empirical world so as to restore the working environment of the scientific community and avoid the mystification of the discovery. For example, anesthetic awareness is a medical phenomenon and it is not easy to make readers be aware of the mechanism. But Lang uses live cases and words to offer the related information, such as the cause of the awareness, the response to this topic, as well as the difficulties and obstacles in solving the problem.
The language in the scientific articles also acts as the medium for writers to create the effect. To achieve the desired effect, writer also pays attention to the manner to deliver the scientific knowledge. The technique which lacks the feature of communication will hinder the spread of the scientific truth. The category of science develops more delicately, and the professional degree becomes higher. Thus, even the professor in a particular subject would feel confused about the transdisciplinary knowledge, not mention to the public who is short of scientific knowledge. The characteristic of science that it is a hard-learning subject determines the difficulty of the communicating discourse. Facing with the technical terms and complex scientific principles, the writers in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 find an approach to explain them, and story is the major manner, through which audiences will produce resonance with the writer in the process of reading. Therefore, people are likely to understand the scientific principles easily with the gradual development of the plots. It is difficult to image that the article with the beginning in the manner of story would be an essay about science. To be specific, the beginning of “A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA” is the phone from the manager of the citrus farm when Ricke Kress is driving (Lang 38). This design attracts the curiosity of readers to think about the specific content of the phone and what will happen in the coming plots. They will not notice the fact that it is an article about science until the appearance of explanation of the professional knowledge. The general line of the story includes the happening of the disease of citrus greening, the solution, the discussion of the possibility of altering the DNA, and the exception of the solution. Harmon gathers and blends the scientific information as a story with the background of a citrus farm in Florida, and the project of altering DNA stems from the disease that sours the citruses and makes them half green. Both “Awakening” and “Imagining the Post-Antibiotic Future” utilize the same manner. “Awakening” describes the life of Linda Campbell and the experience of her since her appendectomy at the beginning (167). When it comes to “Imagining the Post-Antibiotic Future”, the beginning is about the experience of the author that she was looking for the fragment of her family history and noticed something disturbing (188). The same design also appears in other articles of The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014, such as the description of Peggy’s pass of the bicycle accident in “A Life-or-Death Situation”, which in fact is the choice to live or die when the person loses the self-care ability (53). The simple language is also an attractive point of the writer. Prose could be the properest form to define the articles in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014. Dialogues appear in the articles now and then, making them an easy essay to read. The writers try to avoid make their writing a serious type which may cause burden for readers. This technique adjusts the atmosphere of reading from the well-cognitive serious and dull style to a relaxing and eased state.dissertation代写
Besides the masterly choice of appealed content and discourse, the rigorous arrangement of structure and the information of characters also attract the eyesight of readers. In addition to the attractive design of beginning which asks readers to read deep, each paragraph and subsection in the text throws out a n interesting new idea for a scanning reader with a topic sentence. The short paragraph provides the opportunity for readers to know the idea in detail as the limited words will help them to digest the separated contents, and the transition between paragraphs link the contents well. Another shining point of the design of the writers is the identity of the characters in the text that the authors have interaction with the characters in the text. Each article in has the participant of real person. Each author of the 26 articles in The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014 tells the scientific phenomenon by telling the live story of real person. By illustrating the problem through telling the story about real people, people are able to understand that the problem addressed in the article affects real people. Besides, the usage of the first-person makes readers feel that there are some connections with the writer so that they have the interest to read further. It also lets readers feel that they are on the personal side of research. They notice what scientists find compelling, observe what drives them, witness what obstacles the researches had to overcome, and sense the excitement they felt at the time of discovery. Specifically, the participants in “Awakening” is Lind and other victims of anesthetic awareness who express their feeling, the researcher of BIS monitor who admits the disadvantage of the machine, and Tononi who has the interaction with Lang, the author. In “A Life-or-Death Situation”, Henig records the entanglement of Peggy and Hopkins of the choice of life or death of Hopkins, and Henig is the interviewer who asks about the process of their decision. Be different from the others, McKenna is the first character in her article “Imagining the Post-Antibiotics Future”, and the story spreads around her and her family members. Harmon doesn’t use the first-person and he acts as the observer of the story who witnesses the entire development. As a whole, the usage of interaction between characters and the first-person enhances the readability of the articles, and viewers are able to understand the role of each character as well as the plots.
To sum up, a writer depends on the proper choice of content, effective communicative discourse, and reasonable arrangement of structure and the design of characters. The issue of the article should not beyond the cognitive scope of the public, as the aim for a scientific article is to spread the information of science to people who don’t have sufficient knowledge of science. As a result, the issue ought to be popular in the daily life. Besides, the manner to explain the scientific discovery by the writer is supposed to put in the empirical range of the public, so that people will find that science exists in the daily life everywhere. The communicating discourse helps readers to understand the content easily, and story is the major approach. The professional knowledge and the complex scientific principles will be easy to comprehend. Another effective approach is the structure and the identity of participants. By using an attractive beginning, the plots are arranged technically. What’s more, the usage of first-person and the interaction of the characters make the articles be understood breezily.
Works Cited
Burke, Katie L.. “12 Tips for Scientists Writing for the General Public.” American Scientist,
June 31, 2015.
public. Accessed 22 May, 2017.
Harmon, Amy. “A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA.” edited by Deborah Blum
and Tim Folger. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, pp. 38-52.
Henig, Robin Marantz. “A Life-or-Death Situation.” edited by Deborah Blum and Tim
Folger. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, pp.53-71.
Lang, Joshua. “Awakening.” The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2014, edited by
Deborah Blum and Tim Folger. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, pp. 167-187.
McKenna, Maryn. “Imagining the Post-Antibiotics Future.” The Best American Science and
Nature Writing 2014, edited by Deborah Blum and Tim Folger. Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt, 2014, pp. 188-207.
Mishra,Sneha. “Schramm's Model of Communication.” Businesstopia, n.d.
Accessed 22 May, 2017.
